• Áö½Ä¿äû Ä«Å×°í¸®
  • Áö½Ä¿äû

    ´äº¯¼ö : 5    ´äº¯Pay : free
    À̸ÞÀÏ Àμâ
    Why is a Ph.D. degree called a "Ph.D."?
    ´äº¯Çϱâ buyer   joan wall ÄÚ¸àÆ® : 0 ºÐ·ù : ±³À°/Âü°íÀÚ·á
    Why is a Ph.D. degree called a "Ph.D."?
    • Á¶È¸ : 47,509       ÄÚ¸àÆ® : 0       ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ : 2021-02-01 22:29:00       ÃÖ±Ù¼öÁ¤ÀÏ : 2021-02-01 22:29:00
    • ÁÁ¾Æ¿ä : 219
    ´äº¯Çϱâ
    • ´äº¯Pay : free
    • RE : Why is a Ph.D. degree called a "Ph.D."?
    • ª³ªìªÏôÉ学ªòÜúïÒª¹ªëúÞÓÛìÑªËªÈªÃªÆ ÞçªÎªª気ªËìýªêªÎï×ÜêÎìéªÄªÇª¹

      ôÉ学ÚÏÞÍ

      à»ßæªÏ«é«Æ«óåÞªÇ教ÞÔªòò¦ª¹åë稪Ȫ·ªÆä²々ªËªäªÃªÆª¯ªë 学íºªä学ã۪Ϊ¢ªëìÑªÈ ÔÒª¸ªèª¦ªÊëòÚ«ªÇª¹

      ª·ª«ª·¡¢ªÊª¼ù¨ªéªÏªßªÊôÉ学ÚÏÞͪʪΪǪ·ªçª¦ª«¡£ ï³気Íï学ªÏôÉ学ªÈªÏ関Ìõª¢ªêªÞª»ªóª¬ ÚÏÞÍ号ªòö¢Ô𪷪ƪâ ï³気Íï学ªÎÚÏÞͪ˪ϪʪêªÞª»ªó

      ªÉª¦ª·ªÆ £¿

      ìéªÄªÏ歴ÞȪòÚã籪·ª¿ªâªÎªÇª¹ Þ窿ªÁªÎ学ÙýîÜ伝÷ÖªÎÒýª¯ªÏ ͯÓÛ«®«ê«·«ãª«ªéáôª±継ª¬ªìªÆª¤ªÞª¹ 当ãÁªÏ 学ÙýªÎÝÂ寪ò ÐѪΪ誦ªËÝÂ×¾ª¹ªëª³ªÈªÏª¢ªêªÞª»ªóªÇª·ª¿ ì¤îñªÏÚª×â学íº 医íº ãÕÚª学íº 数学íº 歴ÞÈ学íºª¬ª¤ªÞª·ª¿

      ôÉ学íºªÏ学ÙýªÎð¯ìéìÑíºªÇ 学íºªÎê«úþªÇª¹ ù¨ªéªÏòÁïÈ経験ªò÷ת·ªÆ学ªÖª³ªÈª¬ªÇª­ªëª³ªÈªòõ±ª¨ ª½ªìí»体ªÎª¿ªáªË ò±ãÛªËõÎßÚîܪ˫ï«Ã«¯«¹ªòª«ª±ªëìѪ¿ªÁªÇª·ª¿ ª½ªìª«ªéù¨ªéªÏ òÁïȪÎ経験ªÊª·ªË ÞÀ実ªä«Çー«¿ªòÞÅªÃªÆ ªèªêÜÜ雑ªÊò±ãÛªòõÏö´ª· ùêà÷ªÇª­ªë«Äー«ëªòËÇÕÞª·ªÞª·ª¿

      ª³ªìªÏÐÑìíªÎ専ڦʫñ«ÓôªÎá¦Í£ªÇªÏ ×âú°ª·ªËª¯ª¤ª³ªÈªÇª¹ª¬ ÞªßȪ˪ުìªË 単数ú£ªÎìѪòò¦ª¹ªÎªÏ ªÏªëª«ªËÊÛ単ªÇª·ª¿ 当ãÁªÎêÉÓÞªÊò±àõªÎÓÞÚâªÏ ÚÏ学íºªÇª·ª¿ 読ªßßöª­ª¬ªÇª­¡¢ª½ªÎ÷å権ªòò¥ªÃªÆª¤ªë数ᴪʪ¤ìѪʪ顢ªÞªÀÝïÎòîÜÐΪ¤íÞᶪòߤóþª·ªÆªßªÆªÏª¤ª«ª¬ªÇª·ªçª¦ª«¡£

      ïÙö½学ªÏïÙö½ôÉ学ªÇª·ª¿ Ρ学ªÏí»æÔôÉ学ªÇª¢ªÃª¿ 数学ªÈÖå×â学ªÏôÉ学ª«ªé×îªìªëªÎªËªµªéªËãÁÊબª«ª«ªÃª¿. ª½ªìªÏ数学íºª¬í»Ýª¿ªÁªòð¯ìéªËôÉ学íºªÈªßªÊª¹ªÎªËõÌÐΪުÇìéÚõîܪÀªÃª¿ª«ªéªÀ

      歴ÞÈîܪÊ×â릪ϪµªÆªªª­£¬Þ窿ªÁªÏ伝÷Öªò×âªËª«ªÊªÃªÆª¤ªëª«ªéªÇª¹¡£

      Òýª¯ªÎìѪ¬ÚÏÞÍ号ö¢ÔðíºªÏ í»ÝªÎÝÂ寪˪ΤªÆ âÁªèªêªâ¡¸Òýª¯¡¹ªòò±ªÃªÆª¤ªëªÈÞ֪êƪ¤ªÞª¹ ª·ª«ª· ª½ª¦ªÇªÏª¢ªêªÞª»ªó ÚÏÞÍ号ªÎÙÍîÜªÏ ª¹ªÙªÆªÎÝÂå¯ªä ªÛªÈªóªÉªÎÝÂ寪ò教ª¨ªëª³ªÈªÇªÏª¢ªêªÞª»ªó ÜôʦÒöªÊª³ªÈªÇª¹ª«ªé ªâªÁªíªó ÚÏÞͪÏí»ÝªÎ専Ú¦ÝÂ寪˪ΤªÆ ªèªê広ª¤ò±ãÛªòò¥ªÃªÆª¤ªÞª¹ª¬ ù¼ªèªêªâ×âú°ª¬ä¢ªÞªêªÞª¹

      ª¿ªÀª·¡¢学ÞÍ号ªäíÀÌ«証ªÈªÏ춪ʪꡢÚÏÞÍ号ªÎý¦ÜÍíºªòøÄ価ª¹ªëª¿ªáªËÞÅéĪǪ­ªëøöñÞûùªµªìª¿«Æ«¹«Èªä«««ê«­«å«é«àªÏª¢ªêªÞª»ªó¡£ ù¨ªéªÎ«Æ«¹«ÈªÏÖåÙþªÇª¢ªê¡¢医ÞÔí»ãóªÎêÍê¬会ªËªèªÃªÆøÄ価ªµªìªÞª¹¡£ ù¨ªéª¬÷÷断ª·ªÆª¤ªëªÎªÏ ÷Ϊ­õ󪻪ëò±ã۪ǪϪ¢ªêªÞª»ªó íÞùêªËªèªÃªÆªÏ ÖåÙþªµª¨ï᪷ª±ªìªÐ ñìé©ªÊªÎªÏ ì¡Öåªòð򻧯¡ªÆªÆ ª½ªìªòáúªëÕôªÈÛ°ÛöªÇª¹

      ãæª·ª¤検証ʦÒöªÊ«¹«¿«ó«¹ªò ò±ãÛîï体ª«ªéìÚª­õóª· øÄ価ªËù±é©ªÊ ª¹ªÙªÆªÎ関Ö§ï×Üêò̸ªÄª±õóª· æÑæºîÜ 帰Ò¡îÜ«Äー«ëªòÞÅªÃªÆ ì¡Öåªòíªê 悪òõªÊÍô撃ª«ªéáúªêªÞª¹

      å몤üµª¨ªìªÐôÉ学ªÇª¹

      Ì¿ÏÑ¡¢ï³気Íï学íºªÎÖåÙþªÈÙþ学íºªÎ学ßæªÎÖåÙþªÇ춪ʪëªÎªÏ¡¢ì¡Öåªòð򻧯¡ªÆªÆÛÁåÙª¹ªëª¿ªáªÎ専Ú¦ÝÂ寪Ë÷åêóªÎáôª±ìýªìʦÒöªÊÛ°ÛöªÈÔ³ÎýªÀª±ªÀ¡£ ª³ªÎ«Æ«ó«×«ìー«ÈªÏ¡¢Ð®×ȪËëîðíª¹ªëªÎªÇªÏªÊª¯¡¢ªèªêÓÞª­ªÊôÉ学îÜ伝÷ÖªËëîðíª·ªÞª¹¡£

      ª³ªìªÇª¢ªÊª¿ªÎòõÙýª¬ú°Ì½ª¹ªëªÈª¤ª¤ªÎªÇª¹ª¬¡£

    űנ 
    • ´äº¯Pay : free
    • RE : Why is a Ph.D. degree called a "Ph.D."?
    • ¬±¬â¬Ú¬é¬Ú¬ß¬Ñ, ¬á¬à ¬Ü¬à¬ä¬à¬â¬à¬Û ¬Õ¬à¬Ü¬ä¬à¬â ¬æ¬Ú¬Ý¬à¬ã¬à¬æ¬Ú¬Ú ¬Ú¬Ý¬Ú ¬Õ¬à¬Ü¬ä¬à¬â¬ã¬Ü¬Ñ¬ñ ¬ã¬ä¬Ö¬á¬Ö¬ß¬î ¬å¬á¬à¬Þ¬Ú¬ß¬Ñ¬ð¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬ä¬Ñ¬Ü¬Ú¬Þ ¬à¬Ò¬â¬Ñ¬Ù¬à¬Þ, ¬Ù¬Ñ¬Ü¬Ý¬ð¬é¬Ñ¬Ö¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬Ó ¬ä¬à¬Þ, ¬é¬ä¬à ¬à¬ß¬Ñ ¬à¬ã¬ß¬à¬Ó¬Ñ¬ß¬Ñ ¬ß¬Ñ ¬ä¬à¬Þ, ¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ü ¬à¬ß¬Ñ ¬Þ¬à¬Ø¬Ö¬ä ¬Ò¬í¬ä¬î ¬á¬à¬Ý¬å¬é¬Ö¬ß¬Ñ ¬á¬à ¬ã¬â¬Ñ¬Ó¬ß¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬ð ¬ã ¬Õ¬â¬å¬Ô¬Ú¬Þ¬Ú ¬å¬é¬×¬ß¬í¬Þ¬Ú, ¬Ñ ¬ß¬Ö ¬à¬Ò¬ñ¬Ù¬Ñ¬ä¬Ö¬Ý¬î¬ß¬à ¬á¬à¬ä¬à¬Þ¬å, ¬é¬ä¬à ¬à¬ß¬Ñ ¬Ó¬à¬Ù¬ß¬Ú¬Ü¬Ý¬Ñ. ¬¥¬Ñ¬Ó¬Ñ¬Û¬ä¬Ö ¬ã¬ß¬Ñ¬é¬Ñ¬Ý¬Ñ ¬á¬à¬ã¬Þ¬à¬ä¬â¬Ú¬Þ ¬ß¬Ñ ¬ã¬Ý¬Ö¬Õ¬å¬ð¬ë¬Ú¬Û ¬ä¬Ö¬â¬Þ¬Ú¬ß. * ¬¥¬à¬Ü¬ä¬à¬â ¬­¬Ñ¬ä¬í¬ß¬î¬ã¬Ü¬Ú¬ç ¬ñ¬Ù¬í¬Ü¬à¬Ó: doceo, to teaching * ¬¶¬Ú¬Ý¬à¬ã¬à¬æ¬Ú¬ñ ¬Ô¬â¬Ö¬é¬Ö¬ã¬Ü¬à¬Ô¬à: ¬æ¬Ú¬Ý¬à¬ã¬à¬æ¬Ú¬ñ, ¬Ý¬ð¬Ò¬à¬Ó¬î (¬á¬à¬ç¬à¬Ø¬Ú¬Ö ¬ß¬Ñ ¬Ý¬Ñ¬ä¬Ú¬ß¬ã¬Ü¬Ú¬Û) * — ¬³¬à¬æ¬Ú¬ñ ¬Ú¬Ù ¬¤¬â¬Ö¬è¬Ú¬Ú: ¬³¬à¬æ¬Ú¬ñ, ¬®¬å¬Þ¬Ú¬ñ. ¬´¬Ñ¬Ü¬Ú¬Þ ¬à¬Ò¬â¬Ñ¬Ù¬à¬Þ, ¬ß¬Ñ¬Þ¬Ö¬â¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬Ö ¬á¬â¬Ö¬á¬à¬Õ¬Ñ¬Ó¬Ñ¬ä¬î ¬Ü¬å¬â¬ã ¬Ò¬å¬Õ¬Ö¬ä ¬ä¬Ñ¬Ü¬Ú¬Þ, ¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ü ¬Ü¬å¬â¬ã ¬Õ¬â¬å¬Ø¬Ö¬ã¬ä¬Ó¬Ö¬ß¬ß¬à¬Ô¬à ¬à¬ä¬ß¬à¬ê¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬ñ ¬Ü ¬à¬Ò¬Ý¬Ñ¬ã¬ä¬Ú ¬Þ¬å¬Õ¬â¬à¬ã¬ä¬Ú. ¬¯¬à ¬Ò¬í¬Ý¬à ¬Ò¬í ¬Ý¬å¬é¬ê¬Ö ¬ã¬â¬Ñ¬Ó¬ß¬Ú¬ä¬î ¬ï¬ä¬å ¬ã¬ä¬Ö¬á¬Ö¬ß¬î ¬ã ¬ã¬ä¬Ö¬á¬Ö¬ß¬Ú ¬Þ¬Ñ¬Ô¬Ú¬ã¬ä¬â¬Ñ, ¬ã ¬á¬à¬ß¬Ú¬Þ¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬Ö¬Þ ¬á¬à¬é¬Ö¬Þ¬å ¬ä¬Ñ¬Ü ¬é¬Ñ¬ã¬ä¬à ¬ã¬Ý¬å¬é¬Ñ¬Ö¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬ã¬ä¬Ö¬á¬Ö¬ß¬î PhD. ¬²¬Ñ¬Ù¬Ý¬Ú¬é¬Ú¬ñ ¬Þ¬Ö¬Ø¬Õ¬å ¬ï¬ä¬Ú¬Þ¬Ú ¬Õ¬Ó¬å¬Þ¬ñ ¬â¬Ñ¬ß¬Ô¬Ñ¬Þ¬Ú ¬á¬â¬Ö¬Õ¬ã¬ä¬Ñ¬Ó¬Ý¬Ö¬ß¬í ¬Ó ¬á¬â¬Ö¬Õ¬ã¬ä¬Ñ¬Ó¬Ý¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬Ú, ¬à¬Ò¬å¬ã¬Ý¬à¬Ó¬Ý¬Ö¬ß¬ß¬à¬Þ ¬à¬Ò¬ë¬Ö¬ã¬ä¬Ó¬Ö¬ß¬ß¬à¬Û ¬Ù¬Ñ¬ë¬Ú¬ä¬à¬Û ¬Ý¬Ú¬ä¬Ö¬â¬Ñ¬ä¬å¬â¬ß¬í¬ç ¬â¬Ñ¬Ò¬à¬ä ¬Ú ¬Ú¬ã¬ã¬Ý¬Ö¬Õ¬à¬Ó¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬Û. ¬®¬Ñ¬Ô¬Ú¬ã¬ä¬â¬Ñ¬ä ¬á¬å¬Ò¬Ý¬Ú¬Ü¬å¬Ö¬ä ¬â¬Ö¬Ù¬å¬Ý¬î¬ä¬Ñ¬ä¬í ¬ã¬Ó¬à¬Ö¬Ô¬à ¬á¬à¬Ý¬ß¬à¬Ô¬à ¬Ú¬ã¬ã¬Ý¬Ö¬Õ¬à¬Ó¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬ñ (¬ç¬à¬ä¬ñ ¬Ú ¬à¬ê¬Ú¬Ò¬à¬é¬ß¬à ¬å¬á¬à¬Þ¬Ú¬ß¬Ñ¬Ö¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ü ¬ä¬â¬Ñ¬Ü¬ä¬Ñ¬ä ¬Ó ¬å¬ß¬Ú¬Ó¬Ö¬â¬ã¬Ú¬ä¬Ö¬ä¬Ñ¬ç ¬ß¬Ö¬Ü¬à¬ä¬à¬â¬í¬ç ¬ã¬ä¬â¬Ñ¬ß ¬Þ¬Ú¬â¬Ñ). ¬®¬Ñ¬ä¬Ö¬Þ¬Ñ¬ä¬Ú¬é¬Ö¬ã¬Ü¬Ú¬Ö ¬ã¬ä¬Ö¬á¬Ö¬ß¬Ú, ¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ü ¬á¬â¬Ñ¬Ó¬Ú¬Ý¬à, ¬á¬â¬Ú¬ã¬å¬Ø¬Õ¬Ñ¬ð¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬á¬à¬ã¬Ý¬Ö ¬ä¬à¬Ô¬à, ¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ü ¬Ü¬Ñ¬ß¬Õ¬Ú¬Õ¬Ñ¬ä¬í ¬á¬à¬Õ¬ä¬Ó¬Ö¬â¬Ø¬Õ¬Ñ¬ð¬ä ¬Õ¬à¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ù¬Ñ¬ä¬Ö¬Ý¬î¬ã¬ä¬Ó¬Ñ ¬Õ¬à¬ã¬ä¬Ú¬Ø¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬Û ¬Ó ¬Õ¬Ñ¬ß¬ß¬à¬Û ¬à¬Ò¬Ý¬Ñ¬ã¬ä¬Ú. ¬¥¬à¬Ü¬ä¬à¬â¬ã¬Ü¬Ñ¬ñ ¬ã¬ä¬Ö¬á¬Ö¬ß¬î ¬Ú¬ã¬á¬à¬Ý¬î¬Ù¬å¬Ö¬ä ¬Õ¬Ú¬ã¬ã¬Ö¬â¬ä¬Ñ¬è¬Ú¬ð (¬á¬Ö¬â¬Ó¬à¬ß¬Ñ¬é¬Ñ¬Ý¬î¬ß¬à ¬à¬ã¬ß¬à¬Ó¬Ñ¬ß¬ß¬å¬ð ¬ß¬Ñ ¬Ô¬â¬Ö¬é¬Ö¬ã¬Ü¬à¬Þ ¬ñ¬Ù¬í¬Ü¬Ö, ¬Ù¬Ñ¬ä¬Ö¬Þ ¬á¬â¬Ö¬Õ¬Ý¬à¬Ø¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬ñ ¬Ú ¬á¬â¬Ö¬Õ¬Ý¬à¬Ø¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬ñ) ¬Ó ¬Ü¬Ñ¬é¬Ö¬ã¬ä¬Ó¬Ö ¬Ý¬Ú¬ä¬Ö¬â¬Ñ¬ä¬å¬â¬ß¬à¬Û ¬â¬Ñ¬Ò¬à¬ä¬í. ¬³¬Ý¬à¬Ó¬à ¬ï¬ä¬à¬Û ¬ã¬ä¬Ñ¬ä¬î¬Ú ¬ñ¬Ó¬Ý¬ñ¬Ö¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬Ü¬Ý¬ð¬é¬Ö¬Ó¬í¬Þ ¬á¬à¬ä¬à¬Þ¬å, ¬é¬ä¬à ¬à¬ß¬à ¬ã¬à¬á¬â¬à¬Ó¬à¬Ø¬Õ¬Ñ¬Ö¬ä ¬â¬Ñ¬Ò¬à¬ä¬å ¬Ú ¬ã¬à¬ã¬ä¬Ñ¬Ó¬Ý¬ñ¬Ö¬ä ¬à¬ä¬á¬â¬Ñ¬Ó¬ß¬å¬ð ¬ä¬à¬é¬Ü¬å ¬Õ¬Ý¬ñ ¬Ú¬ã¬ã¬Ý¬Ö¬Õ¬à¬Ó¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬ñ. ¬³¬ä¬Ñ¬ä¬î¬Ú ¬à¬Ò¬í¬é¬ß¬à ¬ß¬Ñ¬é¬Ú¬ß¬Ñ¬ð¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬ã ¬Þ¬Ö¬ä¬à¬Õ¬à¬Ó ¬Ù¬Ñ¬ñ¬Ó¬Ý¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬ñ ¬à ¬á¬â¬à¬Ò¬Ý¬Ö¬Þ¬Ñ¬ç, ¬á¬â¬Ö¬Õ¬ã¬ä¬Ñ¬Ó¬Ý¬Ö¬ß¬ß¬í¬ç ¬á¬â¬Ö¬Õ¬Ý¬à¬Ø¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬ñ¬Þ¬Ú, ¬à¬è¬Ö¬ß¬Ü¬Ñ¬Þ¬Ú ¬Ú¬Ý¬Ú ¬Ô¬Ú¬á¬à¬ä¬Ö¬Ù¬Ñ¬Þ¬Ú. ¬¸¬Ö¬Ý¬î¬ð ¬Ü¬Ñ¬ß¬Õ¬Ú¬Õ¬Ñ¬ä¬Ñ ¬ä¬à¬Ô¬Õ¬Ñ ¬ñ¬Ó¬Ý¬ñ¬Ö¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬á¬â¬à¬ä¬Ö¬ã¬ä¬Ú¬â¬à¬Ó¬Ñ¬ä¬î ¬å¬ä¬Ó¬Ö¬â¬Ø¬Õ¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬Ö ¬á¬à ¬ï¬ä¬à¬Þ¬å ¬Ó¬à¬á¬â¬à¬ã¬å ¬ã ¬è¬Ö¬Ý¬î¬ð ¬á¬à¬Ú¬ã¬Ü¬Ñ ¬ß¬à¬Ó¬í¬ç ¬ã¬Ó¬Ú¬Õ¬Ö¬ä¬Ö¬Ý¬î¬ã¬ä¬Ó ¬Ó ¬á¬à¬Õ¬Õ¬Ö¬â¬Ø¬Ü¬å ¬Ú¬Ý¬Ú ¬à¬ä¬Ü¬Ý¬à¬ß¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬Ú ¬Ô¬Ú¬á¬à¬ä¬Ö¬Ù¬í. ¬³¬à¬Ù¬Õ¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬Ö ¬ä¬Ñ¬Ü¬Ú¬ç ¬Õ¬à¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ù¬Ñ¬ä¬Ö¬Ý¬î¬ã¬ä¬Ó ¬á¬à¬ä¬â¬Ö¬Ò¬å¬Ö¬ä ¬à¬ä ¬Ü¬Ñ¬ß¬Õ¬Ú¬Õ¬Ñ¬ä¬Ñ ¬Ô¬Ý¬å¬Ò¬à¬Ü¬à¬Ô¬à ¬â¬Ñ¬Ù¬Þ¬í¬ê¬Ý¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬ñ ¬ß¬Ñ¬Õ ¬á¬â¬Ö¬Õ¬Þ¬Ö¬ä¬ß¬í¬Þ¬Ú ¬Ó¬à¬á¬â¬à¬ã¬Ñ¬Þ¬Ú ¬Ú ¬Ý¬Ú¬ê¬î ¬ï¬ä¬Ú¬Þ¬Ú ¬Þ¬Ö¬ä¬à¬Õ¬Ñ¬Þ¬Ú ¬Õ¬Ý¬ñ ¬á¬à¬Ý¬å¬é¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬ñ ¬ß¬à¬Ó¬à¬Ô¬à ¬á¬à¬ß¬Ú¬Þ¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬ñ ¬Ú ¬Ù¬ß¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬Û. ¬¦¬ã¬Ý¬Ú ¬ï¬ä¬Ú ¬Ù¬ß¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬ñ ¬Ú ¬á¬à¬ß¬Ú¬Þ¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬Ö ¬å¬Ø¬Ö ¬Ú¬Ù¬Ó¬Ö¬ã¬ä¬ß¬í ¬ß¬Ö¬Ü¬à¬ä¬à¬â¬í¬Þ ¬Ú¬Ù ¬ß¬Ú¬ç, ¬ä¬à ¬Ò¬Ö¬ã¬á¬à¬Ý¬Ö¬Ù¬ß¬à ¬Ù¬Ñ¬Ó¬Ö¬â¬ê¬Ú¬ä¬î ¬ï¬ä¬à ¬å¬á¬â¬Ñ¬Ø¬ß¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬Ö. ¬³¬ä¬Ö¬á¬Ö¬ß¬î ¬Þ¬Ñ¬Ô¬Ú¬ã¬ä¬â¬Ñ ¬Þ¬à¬Ø¬Ö¬ä ¬ä¬Ñ¬Ü¬Ø¬Ö ¬á¬â¬Ú¬à¬Ò¬â¬Ö¬ã¬ä¬Ú ¬ß¬à¬Ó¬í¬Ö ¬Ù¬ß¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬ñ ¬á¬à ¬à¬á¬â¬Ö¬Õ¬Ö¬Ý¬Ö¬ß¬ß¬à¬Þ¬å ¬á¬â¬Ö¬Õ¬Þ¬Ö¬ä¬å, ¬ß¬à ¬ã¬á¬à¬ã¬à¬Ò¬í ¬á¬à¬Ý¬å¬é¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬ñ ¬ï¬ä¬Ú¬ç ¬Õ¬Ó¬å¬ç ¬ã¬ä¬Ö¬á¬Ö¬ß¬Ú ¬Ù¬Ñ¬Ó¬Ú¬ã¬ñ¬ä ¬à¬ä ¬Ú¬ç ¬ã¬á¬Ö¬è¬Ú¬æ¬Ú¬é¬Ö¬ã¬Ü¬Ú¬ç ¬è¬Ö¬Ý¬Ö¬Û. ¬¸¬Ö¬Ý¬î¬ð ¬Þ¬Ñ¬Ô¬Ú¬ã¬ä¬â¬Ñ¬ä¬Ñ ¬ñ¬Ó¬Ý¬ñ¬Ö¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬à¬ã¬Ó¬à¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬Ö ¬Õ¬Ñ¬ß¬ß¬à¬Û ¬à¬Ò¬Ý¬Ñ¬ã¬ä¬Ú, ¬Ñ ¬è¬Ö¬Ý¬î ¬Õ¬à¬Ü¬ä¬à¬â¬Ñ ¬ß¬Ñ¬å¬Ü ¬Ù¬Ñ¬Ü¬Ý¬ð¬é¬Ñ¬Ö¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬Ó ¬ä¬à¬Þ, ¬é¬ä¬à¬Ò¬í ¬ã¬à¬Ù¬Õ¬Ñ¬ä¬î ¬ß¬à¬Ó¬í¬Ö ¬Ù¬ß¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬ñ ¬Ú ¬á¬à¬ß¬Ú¬Þ¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬Ö ¬Ú ¬Ó¬ß¬Ö¬ã¬ä¬Ú ¬Ó¬Ü¬Ý¬Ñ¬Õ ¬Ó ¬ß¬í¬ß¬Ö¬ê¬ß¬ð¬ð ¬à¬Ò¬Ý¬Ñ¬ã¬ä¬î ¬ß¬Ñ¬å¬é¬ß¬í¬ç ¬Ù¬ß¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬Û. ¬´¬Ñ¬Ü¬Ú¬Þ ¬à¬Ò¬â¬Ñ¬Ù¬à¬Þ, ¬Ü¬Ñ¬ß¬Õ¬Ú¬Õ¬Ñ¬ä ¬ß¬Ñ¬å¬Ü ¬ã¬ä¬Ñ¬ß¬à¬Ó¬Ú¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬æ¬Ú¬Ý¬à¬ã¬à¬æ¬à¬Þ ¬Ú ¬á¬à¬Ô¬â¬å¬Ø¬Ñ¬Ö¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬Ó ¬Ô¬Ý¬å¬Ò¬à¬Ü¬å¬ð ¬Þ¬í¬ã¬Ý¬î, ¬á¬â¬Ú ¬ï¬ä¬à¬Þ ¬â¬Ñ¬Ù¬Ó¬Ú¬Ó¬Ñ¬ñ ¬à¬Ô¬â¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬é¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬ñ ¬Ó ¬Ù¬ß¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬ñ¬ç ¬é¬Ö¬Ý¬à¬Ó¬Ö¬é¬Ö¬ã¬ä¬Ó¬Ñ.
    űנ 
    • ´äº¯Pay : free
    • RE : Why is a Ph.D. degree called a "Ph.D."?
    • Ah, this is one of my favorite tidbits for the modern types that like to dismiss philosophy.

      Doctor of Philosophy.

      Doctor comes to us as a latin word for teacher. Now, it means something more along the lines of scholar or learned person.

      But, why are they all doctors of philosophy. Electrical engineering has nothing to do with philosophy, yet getting a PhD in it doesn't make you a doctor of electrical engineering.

      Why?

      For one, its reflective of history. Much of our academic tradition comes from Ancient Greece, and in that time they didn't categorize areas of study the way we do now. Before there were physicists, medical doctors, botanists, mathematicians, or historians, there where philosophers.

      Philosophers are the first of the learned types, the prototype for academics everywhere. They were the people that go beyond what can be learned through direct experience and waxed about knowledge abstractly, for its own sake. They then refined the tools that allow us to infer and synthesize more complex knowledge by using facts and data remotely, without direct experience.

      This is hard to grasp in today's specialist driven world, but it was much simpler to refer to learned, or even literate, people under a singular term when they were so rare. As it was, most of the great minds in those days were polymaths. Why not stroll the many horizons still relatively close when you're one of the few people around who can read and write and have the privilege to do so?

      Political science was political philosophy. Science was natural philosophy. Mathematics and logic took even longer to separate from philosophy, with it being common up until recent history for mathematicians to consider themselves, first and foremost, as philosophers.

      Aside from the historical reason, we keep the tradition because it makes sense.

      Many people think of PhD holders as having a much broader understanding of their field, knowing "more" than anyone else. But this isn't the case. A PhD aims not to teach you all or even most of a discipline, as this would be impossible. Of course, a PhD will have a broader knowledge of their discipline, but more than anything they'll have a deeper understanding.

      Remember, that unlike with a bachelors degree or certificate, there is no standardized test or curriculum you can use to evaluate PhD candidates. Their test is a thesis, and is evaluated by a board of people that are doctors themselves. What they are judging you on is not the knowledge you can regurgitate, and even in some cases it doesn't matter all that much if your thesis is even correct, what matters is the strength and methods you have of building an argument and defending it.

      Drawing from your whole well of knowledge to synthesize a new, testable, stance, finding all the relevant information to evaluate it with, and then using deductive and inductive tools to build an argument and defend it from vicious attack.

      Or, in other words, philosophy.

      At the end of the day, the only thing that is different about an electrical engineer's thesis and a literature student's thesis is the acceptable methods and tools specific to the discipline for building and defending arguments. The template is not dependent on the discipline, but on the greater philosophical tradition.

    űנ 
    • ´äº¯Pay : free
    • RE : Why is a Ph.D. degree called a "Ph.D."?
    • I'm sorry. I repeat.
    űנ 
    • ´äº¯Pay : free
    • RE : Why is a Ph.D. degree called a "Ph.D."?
    • ¾Æ·¡´Â ÇÑ±Û ¹ø¿ª ºÎºÐÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


      ¾Æ, À̰ÍÀº öÇÐÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â Çö´ë À¯Çü¿¡°Ô ³»°¡ °¡Àå ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â À½½Ä Áß ÇϳªÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


      öÇÐ ¹Ú»ç.


      ´ÚÅÍ´Â ¼±»ý´ÔÀ»À§ÇÑ ¶óƾ¾î ´Ü¾î·Î ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦, ±×°ÍÀº ÇÐÀÚ ³ª ÇнÄÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼±¿¡ µû¶ó ´õ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


      ±×·¯³ª ¿Ö ±×µéÀº ¸ðµÎ öÇÐ ¹Ú»çÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àü±â °øÇÐÀº öÇаú °ü·ÃÀÌ ¾øÁö¸¸ ¹Ú»ç ÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù°íÇØ¼­ Àü±â °øÇÐ ¹Ú»ç°¡µÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù.


      ¿Ö?


      Çϳª´Â ¿ª»ç¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Çй®Àû ÀüÅëÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº °í´ë ±×¸®½º¿¡¼­ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç ±× ´ç½Ã¿¡´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ Áö±ÝÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸ ºÐ¾ß¸¦ ºÐ·ùÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¹°¸®ÇÐ ÀÚ, ÀÇ»ç, ½Ä¹° ÇÐÀÚ, ¼öÇÐÀÚ ¶Ç´Â ¿ª»ç°¡°¡ ÀÖ±â Àü¿¡ öÇÐÀÚµéÀÌÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.


      öÇÐÀÚ´Â ÇнÀ µÈ À¯Çü Áß Ã¹ ¹øÂ°ÀÌ¸ç ¸ðµç °÷ÀÇ ÇÐÀÚ¸¦À§ÇÑ ¿øÇüÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀº Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ °æÇèÀ» ÅëÇØ ¹è¿ï ¼öÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ³Ñ¾î¼­ ±× ÀÚü¸¦ À§ÇØ Ãß»óÀûÀ¸·Î Áö½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹ÐÂø µÈ »ç¶÷µéÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ °æÇè¾øÀÌ ¿ø°ÝÀ¸·Î »ç½Ç°ú µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ´õ º¹ÀâÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» Ãß·ÐÇϰí ÇÕ¼º ÇÒ ¼öÀÖ´Â µµ±¸¸¦ °³¼±Çß½À´Ï´Ù.


      À̰ÍÀº ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ Àü¹®°¡ Á᫐ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ ÀÌÇØÇÏ±â ¾î·ÆÁö¸¸, ¸Å¿ì µå¹°¾úÀ» ¶§ ´Ü¼ö ¿ë¾î·Î ¹è¿î »ç¶÷À̳ª ½ÉÁö¾î ±ÛÀ» Àд »ç¶÷À» ÁöĪÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÈξÀ ´õ °£´ÜÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ´ç½ÃÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ¸¶À½ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº Æú¸® ¸Å½º¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÐ°í ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ±×·¸°Ô ÇÒ ¼öÀִ Ư±ÇÀ» °¡Áø ¸î ¾ÈµÇ´Â »ç¶÷µé Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀÏ ¶§ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î °¡±î¿î ¸¹Àº ÁöÆòÀ» °Å´Ò¾î º¸Áö ¾Ê°Ú½À´Ï±î?


      Á¤Ä¡ °úÇÐÀº Á¤Ä¡ öÇÐÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °úÇÐÀº ÀÚ¿¬ öÇÐÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¼öÇаú ³í¸®´Â öÇаú ºÐ¸®ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÈξÀ ´õ ¿À·£ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É·ÈÀ¸¸ç ÃÖ±Ù ¿ª»ç±îÁö ¼öÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ öÇÐÀÚ·Î ¿©±â´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù.


      ¿ª»çÀûÀÎ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϰí, ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ Àǹ̰¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀüÅëÀ» À¯ÁöÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


      ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹Ú»ç ÇÐÀ§ ¼ÒÁöÀÚ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÈξÀ ´õ Æø³Ð°Ô ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í ´Ù¸¥ ´©±¸º¸´Ù "´õ ¸¹ÀÌ"¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀº »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ú»ç ÇÐÀ§´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÒ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ Çй®ÀÇ ÀüºÎ ¶Ç´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡Áö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñÇ¥·ÎÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹°·Ð PhD´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Çй® ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æø ³ÐÀº Áö½ÄÀ» °®Áö¸¸, ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù ´õ ±íÀº ÀÌÇØ¸¦ °®°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


      Çлç ÇÐÀ§ ¶Ç´Â ¼ö·áÁõ°ú´Â ´Þ¸® PhD Áö¿øÀÚ¸¦ Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öÀִ ǥÁØÈ­ µÈ ½ÃÇèÀ̳ª Ä¿¸®Å§·³ÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ Å×½ºÆ®´Â ³í¹®À̸ç ÀÇ»ç ÀڽŠÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀÇÀ§¿øÈ¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Æò°¡µË´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀ» ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¿ª·ù ÇÒ ¼öÀÖ´Â Áö½ÄÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡µµ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ³í¹®ÀÌ ¿Ç´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº ±×´ÙÁö Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ´ç½ÅÀÌ ³íÀïÀ» ¸¸µé°í ±×°ÍÀ» ¿ËÈ£ÇÏ´Â Èû°ú ¹æ¹ýÀÔ´Ï´Ù. .


      Àüü Áö½ÄÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î »õ·Ó°í Å×½ºÆ® °¡´ÉÇÑ ÀÔÀåÀ» ÇÕ¼ºÇÏ°í Æò°¡ÇÒ ¸ðµç °ü·Ã Á¤º¸¸¦ ãÀº ´ÙÀ½ ¿¬¿ªÀû ¹× ±Í³³Àû µµ±¸¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ³íÀïÀ» ±¸ÃàÇÏ°í ¾ÇÀÇÀû ÀÎ °ø°ÝÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹æ¾îÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


      Áï, öÇÐÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


      ÇÏ·ç°¡ ³¡³¯ ¹«·Æ, Àü±â °øÇÐÀÚÀÇ ³í¹®°ú ¹®ÇÐ ÇлýÀÇ ³í¹®¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ Á¡Àº ³íÀïÀ» ±¸ÃàÇÏ°í ¹æ¾îÇÏ´Â ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Çã¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ ¹æ¹ý°ú µµ±¸»ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÅÛÇø´Àº Çй®¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´õ Å« öÇÐÀû ÀüÅë¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

    űנ 


    Ŭ·¹¹ö½º·Î±×Àιڽº

    Áö½Ä µî·ÏÇϱâ
    Áö½Ä µî·Ï¹æ¹ý
    Áö½Ä ¿äûÇϱâ
    Áö½Ä°Å·¡»ç·ÊÁý

    ¹öư

    Áú¹®Çϱâ
    Áö½Ä ¿Ã¸®±â

    Àαâű×

    Knowledge Tag
                                  

    Ãֽűâ»ç¸ñ·Ï

    ½ºÆù¼­¸µÅ©

    Sponsor Link

    What

    What's CLEBUS?
    • 1. What's clebus ?
    • Àü¼¼°è ¿Â¶óÀÎ ÀÌ¿ëÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °æÇè/³ëÇÏ¿ì/ÄÁÅÙÃ÷¸¦ ¸Å¸ÅÇÏ´Â ¿Â¶óÀÎ Áö½Ä °Å·¡ÀÇ ÀåÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
    • 2. Make Money ?
    • µî·ÏµÈ Áö½ÄÀÌ °Å·¡µÉ ¶§¸¶´Ù °ñµå·Î Àû¸³µÇ¸ç 1°ñµå´Â Çö±Ý 100¿ø°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
    • 3. How to search ?
    • ¿Â¶óÀÎ °Å·¡ÀÇ Æ¯¼º»ó ¸Å¿ì ÀûÀº ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î °æÇè/ ³ëÇÏ¿ì Áß½ÉÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ °í±Þ Áö½ÄÀ» È®º¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
    • 4. How to community ?
    • Ŭ·¹¹ö½º ȸ¿ø°£¿¡ 'Ŭ·¹¹ö¸Î±â'¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ´Ù¾çÇÑ Ä¿¹Â´ÏƼ¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î °¡½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
    • 5.[Clebus GUIDE]

    RSS FEED

    ±âŸ°ø¹é¿ë

    Áö½Äµî·Ï Ä«Å×°í¸®